Bengali alphabet rhymes
An example of this would be the genitive of মাংস mangshô "meat" being মাং সের mangsh er "of meat" or "(the) meat's". A noun (without an article) which ends in a consonant or the inherent vowel, অ ô, is inflected by adding – ের - er to the end of the word (and deleting the inherent vowel if applicable). For example, the non-standard ছাত্রটা রে chhatrô-ţa- re may be used instead of the standard ছাত্রটা কে chhatrô-ţa- ke.įor the genitive case, the ending may change, though never with a definite article attached. There are some basic rules to keep in mind about the cases, apart from the "default" nominative.įor the accusative case, the ending -রে - re may be used in certain non-standard dialects of Bengali. For animate nouns, -gulo/-guli are often replaced by -ra (রা) Below are two tables which show the inflections of an animate noun, ছাত্র chhatrô (student), and an inanimate noun, জুতা juta (shoe).Īll of the inflected nouns above have an indefinite article preceding their case markers. There is also an alternative way of using the plural definite article, - gulo, by making it - guli (গুলি). In formal contexts, especially in writing, the definite article -ţa is replaced by -ţi (টি). When a definite article such as -ţa (টা, for singular nouns) or -gulo (গুলো, for plural nouns) is added, nouns are also inflected for number. The accusative case cannot be inflected upon nouns which are inanimate, and the locative case cannot be inflected upon nouns which are animate. The case marking pattern for each noun being inflected depends on the noun's degree of animacy. Nouns are also inflected for case, including nominative, accusative, genitive (possessive), and locative. The relative pronouns for animate objects change for number and honor, but those for inanimate objects stay the same. The relative pronoun যে ( je) and its different variants, as shown below, are commonly employed in complex sentences. Common indefinite pronouns are listed below. These are typically represented by adding the negative particle না ( na) to indefinite pronouns, which are themselves derived from their corresponding question words. Indefinite and negative pronouns īengali has no negative pronouns (such as no one, nothing, none). In addition, sentences such as " I have a book" (আমার একটি বই আছে) or " I need money" (আমার টাকা দরকার) also use the possessive (the literal translation of the Bengali versions of these sentences would be "There is my book" and "There is my need for money" respectively). The possessive case is used to show possession, such as "Where is your coat?" or "Let's go to our house". The inanimate pronouns remain the same in the objective case. The objective case is used for pronouns serving as the direct or indirect objects, such as "I told him to wash the dishes" or "The teacher gave me the homework assignment". The nominative case is used for pronouns that are the subject of the sentence, such as " I already did that" or "Will you please stop making that noise?" In the following tables, the abbreviations used are as follows: VF=very familiar, F=familiar, and P=polite (honor) H=here, T=there, E=elsewhere (proximity), and I=inanimate. It may be noted that the "very familiar" form is used when addressing particularly close friends or family as well as for addressing subordinates, or in abusive language. In addition, each of the second- and third-person pronouns have different forms for the familiar and polite forms the second person also has a "very familiar" form (sometimes called "despective"). The third are usually for those who are not present. The first are used for someone who is nearby, and the second are for those who are a little further away. However, Bengali has different third-person pronouns for proximity. Bengali pronouns, unlike their English counterparts, do not differentiate for gender that is, the same pronoun may be used for "he" or "she". Pronouns Personal pronouns īengali personal pronouns are somewhat similar to English pronouns, having different words for first, second, and third person, and also for singular and plural (unlike for verbs, below). 5.4 Prepositions that require locative case.
5.3 Postpositions that require nominative case.5.2 Postpositions that require accusative (objective) case.